Touch Zones

• Radio Frequency IDentification
• Based on magnetic field induction
• Plenty of standards
  • ISO IEC 105536, 14443, 15693
    • Many other ISO standards for different application areas
  • ETSI 308-220, 302
• RFID system = RFID transmitter(tag) + RFID reader
  • Passive systems → tag has no power source
    • Power gained from incoming radio signal & magnetic field (faradays law)
  • Tags are either Read Only (RO) or Read & Write (RW)
  • Reader may have several antennas
    • May read several tags at the same time

• 3 frequency areas
  1. Low - 100 - 500 KHz (passive)
  2. Medium - 10 -15 MHz (passive)
     • Low & Medium frequeny systems require almost contact
  3. High (passive / active)
     • UHF: 433.5 - 434.5
     • ~850 - 950 MHz
     • Microwave : 2.4 GHz - 5.8 GHz
• Several bands used in these areas
• High frequency sytems have longer range

• Data rates vary
• Electromagnetic fields cause problems

Application areas

• User authentication (RFID based keys)
• Product authentication
  • Electronic Product Code (EPC)
    • EAN barcode compliment/replacement
    • Product tracking
  • Logistics
  • Fabrication protection

• Unauthorised reading
• Eavesdropping
• Tag destroying
• Tag fabrication
• Privacy loss
• Nokia Mobile RFID kit for Nokia 5140 & 5140i
• Through express on RFID shells

• Required - RFID tag & RFID reader
• Connect reader to PC's serial port
• Move tag close to reader
  • Read tag data through serial connection
• Store tag information to DB besides with user id
• Create PAM module
  • Reads the serial line at login & compares it with data stored on DB
• Create nice UI to add & remove users to / from system

• Near Field Communication
• Magnetic field induction to enable communication between two devices
• 13.56 MHz unregulated RF band
• Standardised by ECMA International
  • ECMA-340 NFC Interface & Protocol (NFCIP-1)
  • EMCA-352 NFCIP-2
  • Standards for interface & protocol tests also

• Range is 0 - 20 cm
• Employs half duplex
  • Listen before talk policy
• Speeds of 106, 212 or 424 Kbps
• P2P networking
  • Initiator initiates & controls the data exchange
  • Target is the responding device

• 2 operation modes
  1. Active mode
     • Both devices generate own RF field for communication
  2. Passive mode
     • Only one device (Initiator) generates RF field
     • Target device uses load modulation to transfer data
     • Saves battery of battery operated target devices
• Aim → simplify communications
  • Connection forming & data transfer requires
    • Start App & move devices close to each other
  • Compatible with FeliCa & MIFARE contactless smartcard protocol
  • FeliCa developed by Sony & MIFARE is a Philips spinoff
    • MIFARE: Over 1 Billion smartcard chips & 10 million reader modules sold
  • Nokia 3220, 6131 & 6212 have NFC shells - Mobile future?

• Set up communication between 2 devices
  • Move devices close to each other
    • Devices transmit their Bluetooth data over NFC
  • Based on over NFC transmitted data connection is formed
• Transfer content
  • Take picture with camera
  • Touch TV with camera to transfer picture to TV
• Active advertisement
  • Touch tag on advertisement with mobile phone
• Mobile phone connects to WAP page defined on the tag
  • Touch a tag of phone number & mobile phone calls that number
• Electriciy man - Nokia Fied force solution demo
• Payment system & mobile tickets

• How can we benefit from touch zone technologies
  • Does the use of touch zone actually add value to service?
  • Do we ease the use of the service or not?
• Is the technology supported by the devices intended for use on our service?
• Should we use plain RFID or NFC?